Urology Handbook 2nd Edition

Contents

Chapters & summaries

All 20 chapters of the second edition, grouped by part. Each summary outlines what the chapter covers and the key decisions it helps you make.

Part 1

Foundations

  1. Urological History and Examination

    A structured approach to the urological consultation: eliciting lower and upper urinary tract symptoms, sexual and fertility history, and performing a focused genitourinary and digital rectal examination. Includes symptom scoring tools and red-flag features that mandate urgent referral.

    LUTS assessmentIPSS & bladder diariesGenital and DRE examinationRed flags

  2. Urological Investigations and Imaging

    Rational use of urinalysis, urine culture, renal function tests, PSA and tumour markers alongside ultrasound, CT urography, MRI and functional nuclear medicine studies. Emphasis on choosing the right test, interpreting common findings and minimising radiation and contrast risk.

    Urinalysis & cytologyPSA interpretationCT urogram vs ultrasoundmpMRI prostate

  3. Haematuria

    Definitions of visible and non-visible haematuria, a risk-stratified diagnostic pathway, and when to involve nephrology. Covers cystoscopy and upper tract imaging, common benign causes, and follow-up of the patient with a negative work-up.

    Visible vs non-visibleReferral criteriaFlexible cystoscopyAnticoagulated patients

  4. Perioperative Care and Surgical Principles

    Practical preparation for urological surgery: antibiotic prophylaxis, thromboprophylaxis, management of anticoagulation, positioning and the safe use of energy devices. Includes consent for common procedures and recognition of the deteriorating post-operative patient.

    Antibiotic prophylaxisAnticoagulation managementConsent essentialsPost-op deterioration
Part 2

Infection & Stone Disease

  1. Urinary Tract Infections

    Classification and management of uncomplicated and complicated UTI, recurrent cystitis, pyelonephritis, catheter-associated infection and prostatitis. Includes antimicrobial stewardship principles, prophylaxis strategies and the management of urosepsis.

    Uncomplicated vs complicatedRecurrent UTI preventionPyelonephritisProstatitis syndromes

  2. Urolithiasis (Stone Disease)

    Acute management of renal colic, indications for intervention and drainage of the obstructed infected kidney. Reviews ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy and PCNL, plus metabolic evaluation and dietary and medical measures to prevent recurrence.

    Renal colic pathwayObstructed infected kidneyURS / ESWL / PCNLMetabolic prevention
Part 3

Benign Prostate & Functional Urology

  1. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and LUTS in Men

    Evaluation of male lower urinary tract symptoms, distinguishing bladder outlet obstruction from detrusor overactivity and nocturnal polyuria. Covers lifestyle measures, alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and the spectrum of surgical options from TURP to minimally invasive therapies.

    Bothersome LUTSMedical therapyTURP & HoLEPMinimally invasive treatments

  2. Neurourology and Urodynamics

    How neurological disease affects bladder and sphincter function, with a practical guide to performing and interpreting urodynamic studies. Covers management of the neurogenic bladder to protect the upper tracts and preserve continence.

    Neurogenic bladderFilling & voiding cystometryUpper tract protectionIntermittent catheterisation

  3. Urinary Incontinence

    Assessment and treatment of stress, urgency and mixed incontinence in women and men, including post-prostatectomy incontinence. Reviews conservative therapy, pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder, botulinum toxin, neuromodulation and surgical options.

    Stress vs urgencyPelvic floor therapyOAB medicationSlings & artificial sphincter
Part 4

Urological Oncology

  1. Prostate Cancer

    Screening controversies, the modern diagnostic pathway using mpMRI and targeted biopsy, and risk stratification. Discusses active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and systemic treatment of advanced and metastatic disease.

    PSA screeningMRI-targeted biopsyActive surveillanceAdvanced disease treatment

  2. Bladder Cancer

    Presentation and staging of non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Covers TURBT technique, intravesical BCG and chemotherapy, radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, and bladder-preserving trimodal therapy.

    NMIBC risk groupsIntravesical therapyRadical cystectomyUrinary diversion

  3. Renal and Upper Tract Tumours

    Incidental renal masses, characterisation and the role of biopsy, and management options from active surveillance and ablation to partial and radical nephrectomy. Includes upper tract urothelial carcinoma and systemic therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

    Small renal massPartial nephrectomyAblative therapyUpper tract UTUC

  4. Testicular Cancer

    Assessment of the scrotal lump, tumour markers and the importance of prompt inguinal orchidectomy. Reviews staging, surveillance versus adjuvant treatment for early disease, and the excellent outcomes achievable with chemotherapy in advanced germ cell tumours.

    Scrotal lump work-upTumour markersOrchidectomySurveillance vs adjuvant therapy

  5. Penile Cancer

    Risk factors including HPV and phimosis, presentation and biopsy of penile lesions, and organ-preserving treatment. Covers management of the inguinal lymph nodes, including dynamic sentinel node biopsy and lymphadenectomy.

    HPV & risk factorsPenile-preserving surgeryInguinal nodesSentinel node biopsy
Part 5

Emergencies & Trauma

  1. Urological Emergencies

    Rapid recognition and management of acute urinary retention, obstructed infected kidney, testicular torsion, priapism, paraphimosis and Fournier gangrene. Structured around time-critical decisions and definitive versus temporising interventions.

    Acute retentionTesticular torsionPriapismFournier gangrene

  2. Genitourinary Trauma

    Grading and management of renal, ureteric, bladder and urethral injuries in the context of blunt and penetrating trauma. Emphasises non-operative management where safe, imaging with delayed-phase CT, and the pitfalls of catheterisation in suspected urethral injury.

    Renal injury gradingBladder ruptureUrethral injuryNon-operative management
Part 6

Andrology, Paediatrics & Transplantation

  1. Male Infertility

    Evaluation of the subfertile couple from the urological perspective: semen analysis, endocrine assessment and examination for varicocele and obstruction. Covers surgical sperm retrieval, varicocele repair and the interface with assisted reproduction.

    Semen analysisAzoospermia work-upVaricoceleSurgical sperm retrieval

  2. Sexual Dysfunction and Men’s Health

    Erectile dysfunction as a marker of cardiovascular risk, a stepwise treatment ladder from oral therapy to injections and prosthesis, and the management of Peyronie disease. Includes testosterone deficiency and premature ejaculation.

    ED and CV riskPDE5 inhibitorsPenile prosthesisTestosterone deficiency

  3. Paediatric Urology

    Common referrals including undescended testis, hydrocele, hypospadias, antenatal hydronephrosis, vesicoureteric reflux and the paediatric UTI. Guidance on what can be managed in the community and what needs specialist input, and when.

    Undescended testisAntenatal hydronephrosisVesicoureteric refluxForeskin problems

  4. Renal Transplantation

    The urologist’s role in transplant work-up and the surgical technique of graft implantation. Covers urological complications such as ureteric stenosis, urinary leak and lymphocele, and the increased malignancy risk in the immunosuppressed recipient.

    Recipient work-upGraft implantationUrological complicationsPost-transplant malignancy